Publish Time: 2025-12-31 Origin: Site
You’ve probably seen it before. A friend’s electric scooter still runs fine after two years. The warehouse forklift starts every shift without trouble. The golf cart works every weekend.
Meanwhile, your own battery seems to die much faster. Why?
In many cases, it comes down to how the battery is charged. Charging habits have a direct impact on both battery life and performance.
In this guide, I’ll walk you through how to charge batteries properly so they last longer and work the way they should.
Properly charging a lithium-ion battery begins with understanding its internal processes.
When You Use the Device (Discharging):
Lithium ions move from the negative side of the battery to the positive side through the electrolyte. At the same time, electrons travel through the external circuit. That flow of electrons is what powers your device.
Related reading: What Is Discharge Cycle?
When You Charge the Battery:
A charger applies an external voltage and pushes the process in reverse. Lithium ions leave the positive side and move back to the negative side, where the energy is stored again.
In simple terms, charging just moves energy back into the battery, and discharging lets that energy out.
Related reading: What are charge and discharge characteristics?
For safe and proper charging of a lithium-ion battery, keep this practical checklist in mind.
Your charger’s got to match up with your battery.
Using the wrong one will kill your battery’s lifespan. Think of using a 48V charger on a 24V battery like trying to force a firehose into a teacup. Sure, some water gets in, but the cup’s getting beat up inside. That battery charges under stress, the cells wear out fast.
Please always check the battery label and confirm:
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
Charging specifications
Related reading: Battery Voltage Explained: Basics
Heat is a battery's enemy. The sweet spot for charging is a cool, dry place with some ventilation, around 10°C to 30°C.
You should not charge the device in these environments：
Inside a car parked in the sun — in summer, it can heat up past 60°C.
Next to heaters, radiators, or engines — any hot surface.
Outdoors in below-freezing weather — this could permanently damage the battery.
Always charging your battery to 100% puts extra stress on it and speeds up aging.
For everyday use, stopping at 80%–90% is usually enough. It helps reduce battery wear.
Most modern devices with a built-in Battery Management System (BMS) already manage this automatically. Charging to 100% is fine when you really need maximum runtime, like for a long trip or a full work shift.
We advise against regularly discharging lithium-ion batteries to 0%. While the displayed “0%” is a safeguard (the Battery Management System (BMS) intervenes at a higher voltage to prevent cell damage), doing this over and over will make the battery age much faster.
For optimal cycle life, initiate charging when the state of charge reaches 20-30%.
Related reading: What Is A Battery Management System?
A simple best practice: power down the device before charging. This applies universally to forklifts, tools, and all lithium-powered equipment. Turning the system off reduces heat. It helps the battery charge better.
And let’s address a common question: can you charge a lithium battery without a charger?
You’ll see plenty of DIY ideas online. People use USB ports, solar panels, or a direct power source. But the truth is, while the electricity can come from anywhere, what the battery really requires is regulated power.
Think of a proper charger as the battery’s manager. It monitors voltage, controls current, and checks temperature to keep everything safe. If you skip the battery manager, charging becomes risky. It may work a few times. Over time, it can shorten battery life. It can also cause swelling, overheating, or failure.
To reduce risk, use the charger recommended by the battery or equipment manufacturer. Using the wrong charger can lead to serious problems.
The charger needs to suit both the working environment and the battery system.
For Forklifts or Pallet Trucks
In warehouse settings, reliability matters most. Chargers are used every day. Some run across multiple shifts. This makes durability and protection essential.
Look for the following features:
Strong protection against dust and water
Fast and stable charging
Safety features like overcharge protection
Temperature monitoring to protect the lithium battery
For Golf Carts or Small Boats
Outdoor and mobile setups bring different challenges. Chargers must handle weather, movement, and temperature changes.
Look for chargers that are:
Waterproof and dustproof (IP65 or higher is ideal)
Designed to work in hot and cold conditions
Equipped with a cooling fan
Capable of balanced charging
Choosing the Right Voltage
Never guess the voltage based on the equipment type.
The only safe approach is to use the exact charging voltage specified by the manufacturer.
Follow these steps:
1. Check the battery label
Look for the recommended charging voltage (V) or the charge cut-off voltage listed on the battery.
2. Consult the equipment manual
Verify the charger specifications and confirm they match the battery requirements.
3. Contact the manufacturer if unsure
If the information is unclear, reach out to the battery or equipment manufacturer directly for confirmation.
⚠️Using a charger with a voltage that’s even slightly off can harm the battery and pose a serious safety risk.
A Good Rule for a Good Lithium-Ion Battery Charger
1. Automatic shut-off when the battery is full
2. Temperature control
3. Clear display or indicator lights
These features may cost a little more upfront, but they help protect the battery and extend its service life over time.
Related reading: What are the different types of chargers?
Sometimes, charging problems are unavoidable. Here are some solutions.
Problem 1: Charging Is Too Slow or Won’t Start
First, check the easy stuff：
Test the outlet and cable. Try a different power outlet.
Look at your charging cable for any cuts or damage. A quick test: try your charger on another compatible battery. If it works there, your battery might be the issue.
Check the connection points. Look at the battery’s charging port. Is it dirty or loose? Gently clean it with a dry cloth.
If cables and ports are fine, and the battery is old, it might have damaged cells. Do not try to force it. Contact the manufacturers directly.
Problem 2: Overheating During Charging
If the lithium battery becomes very hot while charging, stop charging immediately. Then:
Check the location. Is the charger in the sun or a hot spot? Move everything to a cooler place. Let it cool down fully before trying again.
Check the device. Are you using it heavily while it charges? Turn the device off. Let it charge quietly.
Check the hardware. If overheating persists under light load, signs point to a compromised battery cell. At this point, you must discontinue use. Package it securely and initiate a return for our bench test. We'll identify the exact failure mode.
Related reading: What Is Overheating?
Problem 3: The Battery Is Swollen, Leaking, or Looks Bent
This is serious. Please act carefully.
Stop immediately. Do not charge it. Do not use it.
Move it safely. Place the battery in a dry, fireproof area away from your home.
Do not puncture or squeeze the battery. Do not expose it to fire. A swollen battery is unstable. It can fail without warning.
Do not dispose of discarded batteries casually. Since they are hazardous waste, contact a professional repair center or reach out to us for support.
Related reading: How To Dispose of Lithium Batteries
While correct charging is key to protecting your lithium-ion battery investment, round-the-clock applications like forklifts, boats, and daily equipment demand more. Often, the issue isn’t the procedure—it’s the setup. Was your charger ever matched to your actual duty cycle and operating environment?
At Polinovel, we focus on the real-world charging challenges you face daily. We work alongside you to design and configure lithium battery systems that deliver in practice—not just in theory.
Need clearer guidance on charger selection or battery management tailored to your application? If you need help, just contact us. Our team is ready to support you and keep your system running smoothly.
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